Weiner, M.C. A pedestrian guide to membrane protein crystallization. (2004) Methods Macromolecular Crystallization, Vol 34, Issue 3, 364-372.

-One of the most venerable classes of detergents used for membrane protein isolation are the bile salts and other sterol detergents. Bile salts, such as cholate, deoxycholate, and many others, evolved to solubilize lipids. They are planar molecules with a hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces such as CHAPS. Although no samples suitable for structure determination by X-ray crystallography have been obtained to date with membrane proteins solubilized by sterols or bile salts they are worth exploring.

Genjia, T.; Nozawaa, A.; Tozawaa, Y.; Efficient production and purification of functional bacteriorhodopsin with a wheat-germ cell-free system and a combination of Fos-choline and CHAPS detergents. (2010) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. Vol 400, Issue 4, 638-642.

-In regards to the extraction of functional transmembrane proteins it was found that Fos-choline and CHAPS detergents counteracted each other’s inhibitory effects on cell-free translation activity and thereby allowed the efficient production and subsequent purification of functional bacteriorhodopsin in high yield.